{"id":200,"date":"2016-02-15T19:23:14","date_gmt":"2016-02-16T00:23:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/?page_id=200"},"modified":"2023-09-20T23:30:52","modified_gmt":"2023-09-21T03:30:52","slug":"forecaster-instructions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/wordpress\/forecaster-instructions\/","title":{"rendered":"Forecaster Instructions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The main responsibilities for UMD weather writers:<\/strong> All new articles will be made under the &#8220;Posts&#8221; tab on WordPress. Write up the next day&#8217;s forecast for the College Park area and have it <\/span><b>submitted for review by 10:00 pm<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> the night BEFORE the day you&#8217;re forecasting for<\/strong> (if you will be late just let us know). You do this by saving it as &#8220;pending review&#8221; in the top right corner of the article editing page.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>The main responsibilities for editors:<\/strong> once the assigned forecaster submits their article for review, check over it for grammar, formatting, and spelling errors, as well as just general flow of the wording and sentences. Do not change the fundamental information being conveyed in the forecast, as that is the writer&#8217;s job to make. Once you&#8217;ve given it a look over and it looks good, <strong>you will schedule the article to be published the next morning at 8 am.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>TIPS:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When writing a forecast, sometimes it\u2019s best to get a general idea of what weather is anticipated. You can look at existing NWS forecasts, as well as sites such as Weather Underground and WeatherBug. However, these forecasts typically are general and err on the side of caution &#8212; particularly with NWS forecasts. There are precipitation chances running all the way down to 1%; generally speaking, when the NWS has precipitation &lt;20%, it is quite likely not even worth mentioning. Check model outputs to determine what<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>Style Guide and Formatting:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the sake of consistency, we follow the style of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/capital-weather-gang\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capital Weather Gang<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Write out a.m. and p.m. in lowercase with periods in between<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Write mph in lowercase with no periods in between<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Add a space between the numbers and the letters (e.g. 7 p.m. and 10 mph)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use a percent sign rather than writing out \u201cpercent\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Write out degrees rather than insert and degree symbol<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do not add an apostrophe when referring to a temperature range (e.g. temperatures in the 80s)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Write out any other numbers in the article besides temperature and wind speed as long as they can be written in one or two words (e.g. we have had twenty-one days of rain this season, D.C. has not seen a hurricane this size in 125 years)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do not capitalize north, south, east, and west<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Try to use future tense not present tense when talking about\u00a0 (e.g. Tomorrow the winds are 15 mph.)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When talking about a range of numbers, say \u201c1 to 2\u201d instead of \u201c1-2\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do not type your title in all caps<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographic Locations &amp; Capitalization &#8211; This isn\u2019t every possible location, so use your judgement based on this list.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coasts: Gulf Coast, Pacific Coast, Atlantic Coast, Gulf Coast, East Coast, West Coast, New England Coast, Great Lake(s) Coast(s), Southeast Coast, Northwest Coast<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regions: Upper and Lower Midwest, Pacific Northwest, Desert Southwest, Northeast, New England, East, Southeast, South (Deep South and Mid-South), Central, Northern and Southern Plains, Rockies, Mountain West, Intermountain West, West<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All River Valleys with formal names including: Upper and Lower Mississippi Valley, Missouri Valley, Ohio Valley, Tennessee Valley, Delaware Valley, Hudson Valley etc. When mentioning two valleys together, \u201cvalleys\u201d is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> capitalized. This also applies to lists of regions, coasts and other geographic features.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common Panhandles that are capitalized: Nebraska, Texas, Oklahoma, Florida, West Virginia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>Tools and Resources:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existing Written Forecasts &#8211; Forecasts provided by various sources, you can use to get a broad sense of what weather is coming and a forecast to check against yours.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NWS weather discussion<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forecast.weather.gov\/product.php?format=CI&amp;glossary=1&amp;highlight=off&amp;issuedby=LWX&amp;product=AFD&amp;site=NWS&amp;version=1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/forecast.weather.gov\/product.php?format=CI&amp;glossary=1&amp;highlight=off&amp;issuedby=LWX&amp;product=AFD&amp;site=NWS&amp;version=1<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NWS 7-day forecast<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NWS forecasts are very general. A lot of times, they have precipitation threats that don\u2019t pan out (usually &lt;20% PoP\u2019s), which you can check against using model data.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forecast.weather.gov\/MapClick.php?lat=38.9807&amp;lon=-76.9373#.W5hQD6QpCEc\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/forecast.weather.gov\/MapClick.php?lat=38.9807&amp;lon=-76.9373#.W5hQD6QpCEc<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weather Underground<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wunderground.com\/weather\/us\/md\/college-park\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.wunderground.com\/weather\/us\/md\/college-park<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Models and Data<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tropical Tidbits <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tropicaltidbits.com\/analysis\/models\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.tropicaltidbits.com\/analysis\/models\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">College of DuPage: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/weather.cod.edu\/forecast\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/weather.cod.edu\/forecast\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Model Output Statistics (MOS) <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nws.noaa.gov\/mdl\/synop\/products.php\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.nws.noaa.gov\/mdl\/synop\/products.php<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GFS MOS explained <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nws.noaa.gov\/mdl\/synop\/mavcard.php\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.nws.noaa.gov\/mdl\/synop\/mavcard.php<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NAM MOS explained <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nws.noaa.gov\/mdl\/synop\/namcard.php\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.nws.noaa.gov\/mdl\/synop\/namcard.php<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WPC Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (how much it will rain)\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/#page=qpf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/#page=qpf<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WPC homepage, shows national weather charts and systems impacting the country.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/#page=frt\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/#page=frt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NDFD Forecast and Min\/Max Departure from Average &#8211; Provides temperature maximums and minimums across the country as compared to average temperatures for the time of the year.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/exper\/ndfdmxmn\/map.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/exper\/ndfdmxmn\/map.html<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Graphical output for CONUS, variety of parameters including temperature, precipitation, and wind.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/graphical.weather.gov\/sectors\/conus.php?element=QPF\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/graphical.weather.gov\/sectors\/conus.php?element=QPF<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other Useful Links<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NWS Record Event Log &#8211; lets you see record events recorded by NWS offices across the country.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.daculaweather.com\/4_rer_15-16.php\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.daculaweather.com\/4_rer_15-16.php<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DCA Normals (to discuss today\u2019s weather compared to past averages and records, not usually used for making forecasts) <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/lwx\/dcanme\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/lwx\/dcanme<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>***THE FOLLOWING IS THE FORMAT WE WILL USE FOR OUR ARTICLES***<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>Morning Update &#8211; Example<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Morning Update: Summer Weather is Sticking Around<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Use correct capitalization for titles, add a colon after Evening Update]<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><em>*I would recommend setting each section as a different paragraph &#8220;block&#8221; using the tools in WordPress. It makes it easier to format and move around if you need to change the order of things.*<\/em><\/p>\n<p><b>Today:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While Labor Day may have passed, summer weather isn\u2019t ready to let go quite yet. This morning will start off in the low 70s, but will reach 80 degrees by noon. Cloud cover will be minimal throughout the day, and no precipitation is expected. Winds will be light and variable. Mother nature isn\u2019t giving us a break from the heat or sunshine quite yet, so make sure to stay hydrated and well protected from the sun while walking to classes! <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[At least 3 lines of text for each section]<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Space between every section]<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Tonight:<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Capitalize the first letter and bold each heading. Use a colon]<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperatures will drop back to the low 70s throughout the night, even lowering to the high 60s in the early morning tomorrow. Chance of precipitation is very low, so don\u2019t worry about bringing your umbrella to class yet! Cloud cover will increase slightly, but overall a clear night is expected. Head out to McKeldin mall for some stargazing and look for the waxing crescent moon!<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Tomorrow (Wednesday): <\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Specify the day of the week in parentheses] <\/span><\/i><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tomorrow will be mostly sunny in the morning, with some clouds in the afternoon. But with a high near 80 degrees and a northerly breeze at 7 mph, Wednesday will still be \u201csitting on McKeldin Mall\u201d type of weather. Make sure to enjoy the weather and study hard for exams, Terps! <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Always, always, always use full sentences!!]<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>A Look Ahead:<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Optional section]<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tomorrow afternoon cloud cover will pick up and temperatures will reach the low 90s. Some scattered <\/span><b>thunderstorms<\/b> <b>may<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> occur as well.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The rest of the week looks cooler, with some rain expected on Friday. A sunny, warm weekend looks ahead, making the end of a perfectly shortened week!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com\/nola.com\/content\/tncms\/assets\/v3\/editorial\/e\/4c\/e4cdd6be-c8e0-11e9-b1e9-933e1699ab53\/5d65ef59d293a.image.png?resize=400%2C328\" alt=\"Tropical Storm Dorian moves into Caribbean, heads for Florida: see track |  Hurricane Center | nola.com\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hurricane Dorian\u2019s projected path through Friday morning. Picture courtesy of NOAA and the National Weather Service.<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Image via <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhc.noaa.gov\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.nhc.noaa.gov\/<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Make sure you right click on the image to add a caption, change the image size to large, and include a source]\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Add a space before citing the featured image]<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Featured image via pixabay.com<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[cite the featured image source at the end of the article. If you took your own picture, say \u201cfeatured image via the author<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Try to add relevant tags to your article, and<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> don\u2019t forget to do your weather snippet!<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p>***BELOW IS OPTIONAL IF YOU WANT TO DO IT***<\/p>\n<p><b>National Weekly Outlook<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the first year we\u2019re doing this article, so instructions are going to be a work in progress as we move through the semester.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Essentially, the goal is to give a broad overview of weather systems and impacts across the country for the upcoming week. Precipitation and temperature are two key parameters to focus on; if there\u2019s any major events forecast to happen (blizzards, hurricanes, heat waves, etc), that\u2019s a good thing to focus on.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A good place to start is with WPC forecast charts for the week. From there, you\u2019ll get a general idea of the various fronts and pressure systems impacting the country. This will allow you to form the basis of your outlook.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike the daily posts, these articles have no set format. The onus is on you to craft a well-thought out, organized article that touches on the major weather stories of the week. While this may require some more work, it gives you a chance to develop your writing and forecasting skills. An example of a national outlook can be found here: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/2021\/09\/19\/national-weekly-outlook\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/2021\/09\/19\/national-weekly-outlook\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your editors are here to help! If you have any questions, feel free to reach out. Additionally, we don\u2019t expect expert forecasts from you. This is meant to be a learning experience! If a mistake is made, a mistake is made. The editor on duty will check your forecasts both meteorologically and editorially, and will let you know of any major changes so that you can learn from them.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The main responsibilities for UMD weather writers: All new articles will be made under the &#8220;Posts&#8221; tab on WordPress. Write up the next day&#8217;s forecast for the College Park area and have it submitted for review by 10:00 pm the&hellip; <br \/><a class=\"read-more-button\" href=\"https:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/wordpress\/forecaster-instructions\/\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-200","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=200"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/200\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8037,"href":"https:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/200\/revisions\/8037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/weather.umd.edu\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}